Friwo : Energy Efficiency Requirements

20. January 2017

What are the statutory requirements?

The statutory requirements have intensified over the years due to the technical progress. California published firstly statutory requirements by the California Energy Commission (CEC), then the EU followed with the Eco Design Directive 2009/125 / EC and finally there were limiting values for the entire US and many other countries.
Based on these guidelines, the 'International Efficiency Marking Protocol for External Power Supplies' has been developed, which allows a classification of the limiting values into so-called Efficiency Levels.
At present, there are different requirements throughout the world. External power supplies distributed in Europe must comply with the limits of Efficiency Level V. In the USA, devices have to comply with Efficiency Level VI since 10th February 2016. In Australia and New Zealand, Efficiency Level III is a minimum standard and in some countries Efficiency Level IV is still mandatory. Beyond these mandatory standards, there are further voluntary standards, e.g. the European Code of Conduct in version 5.

Efficiency Level	Beschreibung		Zeitpunktdes Inkrafttretens		Land
III	Minimum Energy Performance Standards MEPS Step 1 (verpflichtend)		01.12.08 (Aus) 01.04.09 (NZ)		Australia New Zealand
IV	Minimum Energy Performance Standards MEPS Step 2 (freiwillig)		01.12.08 (Aus) 01.04.09 (NZ)		Australia New Zealand
V	Energy related Products (ErP)(verpflichtend)		01.11.2008		European Union
VI	Department of Energy Standards DoE Standards for EPS Class B(verpflichtend)		10.02.2016		United States of America
CoC v5 Tier 2	Code of Conduct Version 5(freiwillig)		01.01.2016		freiwillig

Which devices are affected?

The requirements apply to external power supplies in the consumer market. IT equipment, audio / video equipment and household appliances are explicitly described here. There are exceptions for medical devices, chargers, LED drivers and for professional devices:

• There are currently no limiting values for medical devices
• Battery chargers are differentiated in real chargers, direct and indirect power supplies. There are wide differences between these cases. For real chargers, there are currently no mandatory limiting values. In the USA, direct power supplies have to fulfill the Efficiency Level VI and Efficiency Level IV applies for indirect power supplies
• For LED drivers, different requirements apply in the EU

Which marking is required?

There are no additional marking requirements in the EU, the conformity with the standards and directives of the EU is confirmed by the CE mark.
The United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand stipulate an identification according with the International Efficiency Marking Protocol for External Power Supplies and require to print the Roman numeral.

List of countries with marking requirements

Land	Kennzeichnung	Zeitpunktdes Inkrafttretens
United States of America	efficiency marking: VI	10.02.2016
Australienund Neuseeland	efficiency marking: III or IV	01.12.08 (Aus) - 01.04.09 (NZ)
Europa	CE	04/2011

How is the efficiency determined?

The efficiency is measured as an average value in four load points at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. This allows an evaluation of the power supply over the whole load range and not just in one point. In addition to the efficiency measurement, a no-load power consumption measurement needs to be done.

What are the efficiency requirements?

The limiting values depend on the nominal load of the power supply: the lower the output power, the lower the efficiency limit values. The power dissipation of a device is composed of several points, one part of the basic load, one part of the input voltage and the output voltage, and the part that depends on the actual energy transfer.

For lower power devices, the power losses which depend on the energy transfer are lower than in the case of devices of higher power, therefore a higher efficiency with higher power is more easily attainable.
In contrast, the no-load power consumption is higher for devices with higher output power due to more complex topologies and interference suppression methods.

Comparison of requirements of exemplary power supplies

Power Supply with 18W output power

Efficiency Level	IV	V	VI
Efficiency	76,01%	80,41%	85,00%
No Load Power Consumption	0,500	0,300	0,100

Power Supply with 60W output power

Efficiency Level	MEPS (IV)	ErP 2011	(VI)
Wirkungsgrad	85,00%	87,00%	88,00%
Leerlaufleistungsaufnahme	0,500	0,500	0,210

Calculation formula

Energy Level VI
DoE Standards for EPS Class B

NameplateOutput Power (P)	Version 10.02.2014
	Four Point Average Active Efficiency
≤ 1 Watt	0.5*Pno+0.16
> 1 to ≤ 49 Watts	0.071*Ln(Pno)-0.0014*Pno+0.67
> 49 Watts	0,88
	Max. Energy Consumption in No Load Mode:
≤ 49 Watts	0,1
> 49 W ≤ 250 Watts	0,21
Low Voltage models (Uout < 6V & Iout ≥ 550mA)
	For Point Average Active Efficiency
≤ 1 Watt	0.517*Pno+0.087
> 1 to ≤ 49 Watts	0.0834*ln(Pno)-0.0014*Pno+0.609
> 49 Watts	0,87
	Max. Energy Consumption in No Load Mode:
≤ 49 Watts	0,1
> 49 W ≤ 250 Watts	0,21
EffectiveDate:	10.02.2016

Energy Level V

Energy related Products (ErP):

Nameplate Output Power (P)	2011
	Min. Avg Efficiency in Active Mode:
	Standard models
≤ 1 Watt	0.48 * P + 0.140
> 1 to ≤ 51 Watts	0.063 * Ln ( P ) + 0.622
> 51 Watts	0,87
Low Voltage models (U < 6V & I ≥ 550mA)
≤ 1 Watt	0.497 * P + 0.067
> 1 to ≤ 51 Watts	0.075 * Ln ( P ) + 0.561
> 51 Watts	0,86
	Max. Energy Consumption in No Load Mode:
> 0 to ≤ 51 Watts	0.3 W
> 51 to ≤ 250 Watts	0.5 W
Effective Date:	April, 2011

EnergyStar (ES):

Nameplate Output Power (P)	Version 2.0
	Min. Avg Efficiency in Active Mode
	Standard models
≤ 1 Watt	0.48 * P + 0.140
> 1 to ≤ 49 Watts	0.0626 * Ln ( P ) + 0.622
> 49 Watts	0,87
Low Voltage models (U < 6V & I ≥ 550mA)
≤ 1 Watt	0.497 * P + 0.067
> 1 to ≤ 49 Watts	0.075 * Ln ( P ) + 0.561
> 49 Watts	0,86
	Max. Energy Consumption in No Load Mode
0 to < 10 (50) Watts	0.3 W
≥ 10 (50) to ≤ 250 Watts	0.5 W
Input Power (P)	Min. Power Factor (Pno, 115Vac/60Hz):
≥ 100W	0,9
Effective Date:	01.11.2008

Energy Level IV

AS/NZS 4665.1:2005+A1: Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS Step 2)
Energy Independence Security Act 2007 (EISA): obsolete
California Energy Commission (CEC): obsolete

Nameplate Output Power (P)
	Min. Avg Efficiency in Active Mode:
< 1 Watt	0.5 * P
≥ 1 to ≤ 51 Watts	0.09 * Ln ( P ) + 0.5
> 51 Watts	0,85
	Max. Energy Consumption in No Load Mode:
0 to < 10 Watts	0.5 W
≥ 10 to ≤ 250 Watts	0.5 W
Effective Date:	01.07.2008

Energy Level III

AS/NZS 4665.1:2005+A1: Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS):

Nameplate Output Power (P)	MEPS
	Min. Avg Efficiency in Active Mode:
< 1 Watt	0.49 * P
≥ 1 to ≤ 49 (51) Watts	0.09 * Ln ( P ) + 0.49
> 49 (51) Watts	0,84
	Max. Energy Consumption in No Load Mode:
0 to < 10 Watts	0.5 W
≥ 10 to ≤ 250 Watts	0.75 W
Effective Date:	01.12.08 (Au) - 01.04.09 (NZ)

Energy Level CoC

Code of Conducted Version 5: voluntary

Nameplate Output Power (P)	Tier 1	Tier 2
	For Point Average Active Efficiency
≤ 1 Watt	0.5*Pno+0.146	0.5*Pno+0.169
> 1 to ≤ (49) Watts	0.0626*Ln(Pno)+0.646	0.071*ln(Pno)-0.00115*Pno+0.67
> (49)Watts	0.89	0.89
	10% Load Average Active Efficiency
≤ 1 Watt	0.5*Pno+0.046	0.5*Pno+0.06
> 1 to ≤ 49 Watts	0.0626*ln(Pno)+0.546	0.071*ln(Pno)-0.00115*Pno+0.57
> 49 Watts	0.79	0.79
	Max. Energy Consumption in No Load Mode:
≥ 0.3 W to < 50 Watts	0.15	0.075
≥ 50 W to < 250 Watts	0.25	0.15
Low Voltage models (Uout < 6V & Iout ≥ 550mA)
	For Point Average Active Efficiency
≤ 1 Watt	0.5*Pno+0.086	0.517*Pno+0.087
> 1 to ≤ (49) Watts	0.0755*ln(Pno)+0.586	0.0834*ln(Pno)-0.0011*Pno+0.609
> (49)Watts	0.88	0.88
	10% Load Average Active Efficiency
≤ 1 Watt	0.5*Pno	0.516*Pno
> 1 to ≤ 49 Watts	0.072*ln(Pno)+0.5	0.0834*ln(Pno)-0.00127*Pno+0.518
> 49 Watts	0.78	0.78
	Max. Energy Consumption in No Load Mode:
≥ 0.3 W to < 50 Watts	0.075	0.075
≥ 50 W to < 250 Watts	0.15	0.15
Low Voltage (Pno < 8W)	0.075	0.075
Effective Date:	01.01.2014	01.01.2016

FRIWO

Many applications, whether static or mobile, today require a safe and reliable power supply. FRIWO's I.T.E. (information technology equipment) power supply units have always set standards. And the new, next-generation FOX platform allows the company to exceed the high quality standards that its customers have come to expect. FOX power supply units are smaller, more powerful and more efficient than their predecessors. FRIWO's new technical concept has again increased energy density. Thanks to a patented interchangeable adapter system, its devices are suitable for use under the toughest conditions and in the harshest environments. New: the optional IP42 adapter from FRIWO is an interchangeable adapter system that offers additional protection for use in damp environments. Minimal leakage current means that FRIWO's power supply units are also ideally suited for use with measurement technologies, because they prevent unwanted influences that distort measured values. The FOX product family meets the U.S. Department of Energy's 2016 DOE energy-efficiency level VI standards.

The harmonization of European thresholds with the U.S. standard in 2017 is currently under discussion. As a result, FRIWO already offers devices that exceed future statutory requirements, ensuring the worldwide use of your application. Choosing FOX today is an investment in the future, offering security tomorrow and beyond.
Please contact us, we will be pleased to help: Tel. [phone] / 810 - sales(at)friwo.com
FRIWO Gerätebau GmbH - Von-Liebig-Str. 11 - 49346 Ostbevern - www.friwo.com