Jonathan Rudy

Standard & Poor's Investment Advisory Services LLC (SPIAS) is investment research firm and registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of S&P Global, Inc. (NYSE: SPGI), formerly McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. SPIAS’ advisory services are generally offered to institutions (e.g., broker-dealers, investment advisers, investment companies and other financial institutions). SPIAS does not generally provide its advisory services directly to retail clients, but its services may be used by its clients in advising their own underlying clients, which may include retail clients. SPIAS also provides advisory consulting services to institutional clients and investment managers-of-investment funds, and investment sub-advisory services for registered investment companies, including open-end mutual funds and other institutions. S&P Global's operations consist of three reportable segments: S&P Global Ratings, S&P Global Platts, and S&P Dow Jones Indices. S&P Global Ratings is an independent provider of credit ratings, research and analytics to investors, issuers and market participants. It includes the NRSRO and certain other ratings-related businesses. S&P Global Platts provides essential price data, analytics, and industry insight that enable commodities markets to perform with greater transparency and efficiency. S&P Dow Jones Indices is a global index provider that maintains a wide variety of indices to meet an array of investor needs. In 2016, CFRA acquired S&P Global Market Intelligence’s Equity and Fund Research business (formerly known as S&P Capital IQ and SNL) from S&P Global, Inc.

HighMark Capital Management, Inc. (HighMark) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in San Francisco, California. The firm was founded in 1919 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MUFG Union Bank NA, ultimately held by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (NYSE: MY, TYO: 8306), a Japan-based financial institution. HighMark provides investment advice to pension and profit-sharing plans, pooled investment vehicles, charitable organizations, corporations, state and municipal government entities, corporate employee benefit plans, public agencies, foundations and endowments, Taft-Hartley plans, hospital and religious organizations, and treasury departments.

Part of Federated Hermes, Inc., Federated Securities Corp. provides fund management services. The company is based in Pittsburgh, PA and was founded in 1970.

Franklin Advisers, Inc. is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in San Mateo, California. The firm was founded in 1985 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN), a holding company that, together with its various subsidiaries, is referred to as Franklin Templeton Investments. Franklin Advisers provides investment advisory and portfolio management services to US and non-US, registered open-end and closed-end funds and unregistered funds, as well as separate accounts.