Graeme Sinclair

abrdn Investments Ltd. (aIL) is an asset management firm headquartered in Midlothian, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 and formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., wholly-owned by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN). aIL provides their clients with discretionary and non-discretionary asset management and related services across a broad range of investment strategies and asset classes. They also offer an alternative platform which encompasses multi-manager research, selection and portfolio management for hedge funds strategies.

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LSE: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

Deutsche Securities, Inc. (DSI) is the Japanese brokerage subsidiary of Deutsche Bank Holdings (Luxembourg) SARL, itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of Deutsche Bank AG (NYSE: DB) in Germany. The firm was established in 1986 as Deutsche Bank Capital Markets (Asia) Ltd. and became Deutsche Securities Inc. in 2006. Located in Tokyo, DSI is the investment banking platform for the Deutsche Bank group in Japan. The firm provides services including research, sales and trading of bonds and equities, capital raising and M&A advisory for corporate and institutional clients. They have particular expertise in sectors such as automotive, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, energy, financials, media, telecommunications, technology, transportation and trading companies. The M&A division is in a leadership position in Japan, and structures deals including overseas investments by manufacturers, asset sales for restructuring corporations, and domestic mergers and acquisitions. DSI's activities include products and services related to fixed-income, equities and commodities as well as real estate investments and financing. Activities related to foreign exchange and money market are primarily operated by the Tokyo branch of Deutsche Bank.

abrdn Hong Kong Ltd. is the Hong Kong-based asset management subsidiary of Aberdeen Asia Ltd., ultimately owned by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN), a global investment company headquartered in Edinburgh, UK. Formerly known as Aberdeen International Fund Managers Ltd., abrdn Hong Kong provides Chinese equity research, fund management and sales & marketing services. They are also the global distributor for the Aberdeen Global Fund range, domiciled in Luxembourg, which is principal umbrella product in Hong Kong. The firm distributes their funds through commercial banks, brokerages, insurance companies and financial advisers and represents the Group to a range of institutional clients such as central banks, sovereign wealth funds, national and corporate pension schemes and financial managers, as well as retail investors via intermediaries.

abrdn Japan Ltd. is the Japanese asset management subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., owned by abrdn Plc (LSE: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Aberdeen Investment Management KK and Aberdeen Standard Investments (Japan) Ltd., the firm was founded in 1993 as Credit Suisse Investment Trust Management. The global fund management business of Crédit Suisse was acquired by Aberdeen Asset Management in 2009. Headquartered in Tokyo, abrdn Japan serves as the investment manager of abrdn Japan Investment Trust plc.

Bank of Singapore Ltd. is the wholly-owned private banking arm of Oversea-Chinese Banking Corp. Ltd. (SGX: O39), a multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Singapore. Founded in 2010, the firm caters to high net-worth individuals, families, professionals, executives, and private investors both in Asia and globally. Bank of Singapore provides a range of private banking services such as discretionary portfolio management, family office, set up of trust, foundation and offshore companies, alternative investments including private equity and hedge funds, as well as third-party mutual funds selection.

Aberdeen do Brasil Gestão de Recursos Ltda. (Aberdeen Brazil) is the Brazilian asset management subsidiary of Aberdeen Asset Management Plc, which is owned by Standard Life Aberdeen Plc (LON: SLA) in Great Britain. Headquartered in Sao Paulo, Aberdeen Brazil was founded in 2009 and provides investment products and solutions to individual and institutional investors.

Part of BlackRock, Inc., BlackRock Fund Management Co., Ltd. is a Chinese company that provides investment advice. The company is based in Shanghai, China. The CEO of the company is Chi Zhang.